I could never really bridge the gap between spoken language and execution on a guitar. I approach improvising and playing by intervals and shapes. For me I need to have direct access to the guitar that doesn't pass through language, as if the guitar was my mouth and I'd execute a chord or a melody as if it were a word or a sentence, without thinking about syntax.
This makes it hard to compose and study music, since I take a long time to transpose and navigate the harmonic field, but it's a tradeoff that I need to do, my brain doesn't work otherwise.
I've been having success playing as you describe, "ear to hand", and then once I have something I like, hand-writing it in tablature so I can lock in the notes.
Before this, I was _mostly_ remembering the "safe" notes, but the occasional stumbles break the flow badly, and the tabs have helped. Surprisingly, since I started doing this, its helped me memorize the scale and make fewer mistakes, generally.
I ran into that from the opposite side when I attempted to learn the guitar, coming from a background in classical piano and woodwinds: my whole conceptual architecture for intervals and harmonies was based on a linear arrangement of notes, and I could not get my head around the way a guitar wants you to sort of feel the shapes and positions of chords instead. Odd and disorienting experience.
> I'd execute a chord or a melody as if it were a word or a sentence, without thinking about syntax
This is exactly the same for me. The guitar fretboard is essentially synesthesia for me when I hear music. I hear a melody and part of my brain feels the shape of the fingerings as I go. It’s been like this for maybe 30 years or so (I started guitar at a really young age.)
I have no idea if this is common for guitar players though (I assume so? If you’re the sort of player that can play solos, you probably already “audiate” sounds via fingering) but it means I can basically always immediately play a song after hearing it once, even if it’s just the basic melody. I also have what I’d call “weak” perfect pitch (I can easily conjure an E in my head and then figure out from there what note I’m hearing via well-trained relative pitch) so often I can get the exact notes right the first time.