At least in Europe we are building a common super-computer infrastructure exactly for this. Tier 0 (EuroHPC) to tier 3 (University clusters) now have considerable amount of GPU (both due to demand, but also since classical CPU-heavy FLOPs have becime even more expensive due to RAM prices). Our system will be in a ISO 27001 / TISAX level 3 scope (rather relevant for engineering). The system work up to a PUE of 1.1 and will also solve part of heating decarbonization problem. We need souvereignity in research. But we at least in research we do not need each lab buying their own workstations anymore. The systems are actually also now also offered to start-ups and small enterprises that don't have the capex/opex for efficient and secure compute themselves.
That is a third possibility, because there are Federal supportrd resources for compute, see [1]. And I can and will probably use at some point, but there is something about not having to deal with other people's systems and having that bare metal right there.
[1] https://allocations.access-ci.org/resources