My take, for what it's worth,

Entropy isn’t always the driver of physical change, sometimes it’s just a map.

Sometimes that map is highly isomorphic to the physical process, like in gas diffusion or smoke dispersion. In those cases, entropy doesn't just describe what happened, it predicts it. The microstates and the probabilities align tightly with what’s physically unfolding. Entropy is the engine.

But other times, like when ice melts, entropy is a summary, not a cause. The real drivers are bond energies and phase thresholds. Entropy increases, yes, but only because the system overcame physical constraints that entropy alone can’t explain. In this case, entropy is the receipt, not the mechanism.

So the key idea is this: entropy’s usefulness depends on how well it “sees” the real degrees of freedom that matter. When it aligns closely with the substrate, it feels like a law. When it doesn't, it’s more like coarse bookkeeping after the fact.

The second law of thermodynamics is most “real” when entropy is the process. Otherwise, it’s a statistical summary of deeper physical causes.

> there are far more ways for a system to be disordered than ordered

I'm a complete layman when it comes to physics, so forgive me if this is naive — but aren't "ordered" and "disordered" concepts tied to human perception or cognition? It always seemed to me that we call something "ordered" when we can find a pattern in it, and "disordered" when we can't. Different people or cultures might be able to recognize patterns in different states. So while I agree that "there are more ways for a system to be disordered than ordered," I would have thought that's a property of how humans perceive the world, not necessarily a fundamental truth about the universe

I think original post is confused exactly because of “tangled chords” analogies. Something being “messy” in our daily lives can be a bit subjective, so using the same analogies for natural forces may seem a tad counterintuitive actually.

Maybe it would be more fitting to say that it just so happens that our human definition of “messy” aligns with entropy, and not that someone decided what messy atoms look like.

I’d say a bucket of water is more neat than a bucket of ice, macroscopically.

>Simple example: why ice melts in a warm room.

Ice melting is simply the water molecules gaining enough kinetic energy (from collisions with the surrounding air molecules) that they break the bonds that held them in the ice crystal lattice. But at the microscopic level it's still just water molecules acting according to Newton's laws of motion (forgetting about quantum effects of course).

Now, back on the topic of the article: consider a system of 2 particles separated by some distance. Do they experience gravity? Of course they do. They start falling towards the midpoint between them. But where is entropy in this picture? How do you even define entropy for a system of 2 particles?

It has been suggested that time too is derived from entropy. At least the single-directionality of it. That’d make entropy one of the most real phenomena in physics.

But "disordered" and "ordered" states are just what we define them to be: for example, cords are "tangled" only because we would prefer arrangements of cords with less knots, and knots form because someone didn't handle the cords carefully.

Physical processes are "real", but entropy is a figment.

You need some additional assumptions. Only near equilibrium / thermodynamic limit is system linear in entropy. What governs physical processes such as you mention is conservation, dynamics pushing equipartition of energy - but outside that regime these are no longer "theorems".

> Physical entropy governs real physical processes

> the measure is not the same thing as the phenomenon it describes.

There is some tension between those claims.

The latter seems to support the parent comment’s remark questioning whether a “fundamental physical interaction could follow from entropy”.

It seems more appropriate to say that entropy follows from the physical interaction - not to be confused with the measure used to describe it.

One may say that pressure is an entropic force and physical entropy governs the real physical process of gas expanding within a piston.

However, one may also say that it’s the kinetic energy of the gas molecules what governs the physical process - which arguably is a more fundamental and satisfactory explanation.

Bekenstein-Hawking entropy goes up when an Event Horizon increases in radius. That means some mass "falling onto" an EH. So this implies, if our universe is actually a 3D EH, both time and increasing entropy can be explained by one thing: Increasing size of our EH. That is, mass falling onto our EH from outside our universe. It also happens to elegantly replace the Big Bang nonsense theory with something that makes sense. It explains the universe expansion as well. Assuming our universe is a 3D EH makes lots of things make sense that don't otherwise make sense.