Fractional reserve banking is still not the same as printing money outright

If you borrow $100 USD from the bank, and pay it off immediately after, it's clear no money was "created" as such

If $100 USD is "printed" outright, it's clear that there's no way to achieve that same result

The fact that the debt isn't generally paid back immediately doesn't change that fundamental. That's what I meant when I said any apparent "change" is about "time" rather than "money"

It is true that the money supply should expand with the economy. Turning raw materials into finished goods represents a larger "net economy" at the end of the process than at the beginning. (Indeed that's basically how it makes sense to have interest on debt in the first place)

Nevertheless, printing money out of whole cloth is different from issuing debt