A lot of us live in older homes without good insulation. Somewhere in the mid 1900s we simply forgot that "plaster interior wall directly on brick exterior wall" does not provide insulation.

1920s era homes are even worse, single hung windows in wooden frames, no insulation, no conception of managing airflow.

Modern homes are much more efficient, but they're a bit impractical to buy these days, and are increasingly built so shitty that their lifespan is less than their inhabitants.

> I assume most of that is HVAC? I use about 1500kWh a year, but I don’t need aircon and heating is district heating.

I wouldn't expect so - I have gas heating and no A/C and I average around 700 kWh / month.

https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/use-of-energy/electricit... - This shows a breakdown. HVAC is not the most [edit: as in majority, it has the largest share though], but it is a significant amount. Also my household is apparently well below average (though still higher than you) for the US and our region in the US.

In Scotland it looks like I use 10kWh minimum (not in), 20kWh on a “normal” day and more when I charge the EV.

Family of 3 in a Bungalow.

I’d love a system like this to charge on my cheap overnight tariff and use during the day. Solar just isn’t worth it here.

House heating is often a big part of that. But even without that most would use more than you are using. Based on the site you link in your profile and the links there it looks like you are in Germany?

If so, it should be noted that the average German household uses in the 3000-3500 kWh range per year, and even the average one person household uses around 2000 kWh per year.

In the US we are more likely to to use electricity for a couple of things than Germans are. For example in the US around 80% of households use a clothes dryer, and about 80% of those are electric. In Germany only around 40% of households use a clothes dryer.

4 loads a week for a year would would be around 600 kWh, so we are already up to 40% of your usage just from that.

Water heating in the US is split pretty evenly between electric and natural gas, with a smaller number using propane or oil. The energy use label on my water heater says it should take about 350 kWh a year for a typical household. Google is telling me electric water heating is much much less common in Germany.

I think those are the major non-HVAC things where Americans and Germans significantly differ on whether they use electricity or some other form of energy to accomplish the task.

Take those out though and it is still hard to get down to your 1500 kWh a year. I'm the only person in my household, don't have air conditioning, and in those parts of the year where I don't need to use heating and it is not so hot that I need to keep a fan running to not feel uncomfortable, and it is not a laundry day (so no use of the dryer nor use of hot water for the washing machine) and I don't use the dishwasher (another user of hot water) the lowest 24 hour use I've seen has been maybe 7.2 kWh. If I could keep that up all year that would be ~2600 kWh. Add in a load of laundry a week and 2 or 3 uses of the dishwasher a week that would probably be close to 3000 kWh.

Your 1500 kWh a year would be 4.1 kWh per day average, so 3 kWh a day less than my minimum days. I suspect that a significant part of that difference is due to my water heating, from one or two hot showers a day.

One thing I've got that you almost certain do not is a well with an electric pump. I don't have a meter on my water, but I'm pretty sure it is under 100 gallons a day. One shower and a few toilet flushes with both an efficient shower head and an efficient toilet should be way under that, and drinking/hand washing/teeth brushing is not more than a few gallons. I don't know the actual power used by the pump, but if it used the maximum power circuit it is on is rated for it would only use around 0.3 kWh a day.

My fridge is just average on efficiency, but it is only using about 0.4 kWh a day. I assume you too have a fridge, so I doubt the fridge accounts for a significant difference.

My computer stuff (M2 Mac Studio, 27" 5k monitor, 24" second monitor, powered speakers, powered USB hub, 4 bay Thunderbolt drive enclosure with 4 SSDs, network switch) is using 1.78 kWh per day. The cable internet gateway is another 0.35 kWh per day. I assume you also have a decent computer setup so not sure if there is much difference here.

Oh, I just remembered one thing I had that was using more power than I expected in those summers when I saw usage as low as 7.2 kWh a day. I was not putting my A/V receiver in standby. I had assumed that when it was not actually playing the power usage would be very low, but apparently that's not the way these things work. It turns out it was using about 50 W all the time. That's 1.2 kWh a day! I only actually play stuff an hour or two a day, so that was about 1.1 kWh a day of wasted energy. No I have it on standby when not in use (0.07 kWh per day) so I may get down to 6.2 kWh on non-laundry/non-dishwashing days in 2026.

> I use about 1500kWh a year, but I don’t need aircon and heating is district heating.

That's 171 W on average, that's about the same as my refrigerator (~150 W on average).

Can confirm. HVAC https://imgur.com/a/yI2AX6D

30 kWh per day sounds about right. I have resistive heating and holy heck is it expensive in the winter months, which are short and mild. I plan to replace it soon.

But yes, most of that would be heating and cooling single family homes. Many built during a time when insulation was an afterthought. Now homes are well insulated, but they are larger.