alt Hacker NewsThis annoys me, especially the last “It takes at least 25 years” rhetoric.
It didn’t take 25 years for SSL. SSH. Gzip encoding on HTTP pages. QUIC. Web to replace NNTP. GPRS/HSDPA/3G/4G/5G They all rolled out just fine and were pretty backwards and forwards compatible with each other.
The whole SLAAC/DHCPv6/RA thing is a total clusterfuck. I’m sure there’s many reasons that’s the case but my god. What does your ISP support? Good luck.
We need IPv6 we really do. But it seems to this day the designers of it took everything good/easy/simple and workable about v4 and threw it out. And then are wondering why v6 uptake is so slow.
If they’d designed something that was easy to understand, not too hard to implement quickly and easily, and solved a tangible problem it’d have taken off like a rocket ship. Instead they expected humans to parse hex, which no one does, and massive long numbers that aren’t easily memorable. Sure they threw that one clever :: hack in there but it hardly opened it up to easy accessibility.
Of course hindsight is easy to moan but the “It’s great what’s the problem?” tone of this article annoys me.
Replies
> It didn’t take 25 years for SSL. SSH. Gzip encoding on HTTP pages. QUIC. Web to replace NNTP.
All that's required to implement each of those is two computers: 1 client and 1 server. Whereas supporting IPv6 requires every router between the two computers to also support IPv6. Similarly, if your current software doesn't support SSL/SSH/Gzip/etc., it's pretty easy to switch to different software, whereas it's hard or impossible for most people to switch ISPs.
> GPRS/HSDPA/3G/4G/5G
Radio spectrum costs providers millions of dollars, and each new cellular protocol increased spectrum efficiency, so upgrading means that providers can support more users with less spectrum. The problem is that most of the "Western" countries still have lots of IPv4 addresses, so there isn't much cost benefit to switching to IPv6. However, China and India both have lots of users and fewer IPv4 addresses, so there is a cost benefit to switching to IPv6 there, and unsurprisingly both of these countries have really high IPv6 adoption rates.
> Instead they expected humans to parse hex, which no one does
Of all aspects of IPv6 you took the only one that doesn't complicate implementations and can easily be swapped if you wanted.
> The whole SLAAC/DHCPv6/RA thing is a total clusterfuck.
SLAAC is easily the thing I love most about IPv6. It just works. Routers publish advertisements, clients configure themselves. No DHCP server, no address collisions, no worry. What's bugging you about it?
> What does your ISP support?
My ISP is Spectrum. They get a 0/10 on IPv6 support on this test page [1].
how do you encode 128 bits without making a long number? and not using hex?
> It didn’t take 25 years for SSL. SSH. Gzip encoding on HTTP pages. QUIC. Web to replace NNTP. GPRS/HSDPA/3G/4G/5G They all rolled out just fine and were pretty backwards and forwards compatible with each other.
You're comparing incremental rollout with migratory rollout for most of these; (not the mobile phone standards.) That's apples and oranges.
You can argue for other proposals. But at the end of the day the best you could've done is steal bits from TCP and UDP port numbers, which is... NAT. Other than that if you want to make a serious claim you need to do the work (or find and understand other people's work. It's not that people haven't tried before. They just failed.)
And, ultimately, this is quite close to typical political problems. Unpopular choices have to be made, for the benefit of all, but people don't like them especially in the short term so they don't get voted for.
> If they’d designed something that was easy to understand, […]
I can't argue on this since it's been far too long since I had to begin understanding IPv4 or IPv6… bane of experience, I guess.
> […] not too hard to implement quickly and easily, […]
As someone actually writing code for routers, IPv6 is easier in quite a few regards, especially link-local addresses make life so much easier. (Yet they're also a frequent point of hate. I absolutely cannot agree with that based on personal experience, like, it's not even within my window of possible opinions.)
> […] expected humans to parse hex […]
You're assuming hex is worse than decimal with binary ranges. Why? Of course it's clear to you that the numbers go to 256 because you're a tech person. But if you know that, you very likely also know hex. (And I'll claim the disjunct sets between these are the same size magnitude.)
Anyway I think I've bulletpointed enough, there's arguments to be made, and they have been made 25 years ago, and 20 years ago, and 15 years ago, and 10 years ago and 5 years ago.
Please, just stop. The herd is moving. If anything had enough sway, it would've had enough sway 15 years ago. Learn some IPv6. There's cool things in there. For example, did you know you can "ping ff02::1%eth0"?
> It didn’t take 25 years for SSL.
It wasn't even on the map until 1994. Prior to that it was an ad-hoc mess of "encryption" standards. It wasn't even important enough to become ubiquitous until Firesheep existed.
Even then SSL just incorporated a bunch of things that already existed into an extensible agreement protocol, which, in the long run, due to middleware machines, became inextensible and the protocol somewhat inelegant for it's task. 30 years later and it's due for a replacement but we're stuck with it. Perhaps slow adoption isn't a metric that portends doom.
Yeah the at least 25 years thing is a cop out. The IPng committee specifically chose the protocol that didn't have a transition plan, and today still doesn't have a transition plan.
I expect we're going to plateau with adoption for a long while now. 50% adoption is meaningless if it doesn't tangibly make a dent in the IPv4 exhaustion problem.
I was at some of those IETF meetings in the mid-1990s and attended some early IPv6 working group sessions. We knew the conversion would take time, but I don’t think any of us thought it would be this slow. I was involved with multiple L3 switches and routers from 1997 through 2010. The issue was always that IPv6 basically required lots of boxes in the middle to understand it in order to roll it out, so when would it be commercially necessary? Yes, you can do tunneling and NAT at various points, but it always requires more than just the endpoints. It shows up in DNS and socket APIs. There’s no easy way to determine if a path supports it, and the path can change in an instant due to a route change. All that is very different than SSL or QUIC where only the endpoints have to be involved. That’s why QUIC uses UDP, for instance, so old intermediate devices just see it as a protocol they already know. SSL just assigned port 443 and the “https” protocol in the web URL. If a web client contacts a server on port 443 that doesn’t use SSL, it just fails. To put it another way, the level of the stack that you’re changing matters. SSL and QUIC are really L5+. IPv6 is squarely L3. There are no protocol negotiation mechanism available at L3. So, from a business standpoint, when do you take the hit and integrate it all into the processing pipeline? How do you do that in a way that doesn’t impact your IPv4 forwarding performance, because that’s what the near-term market will judge you on? How do you afford the development and test cost associated with a whole other development (almost double)? If you’re doing software forwarding, the answers are a lot easier. As soon as you’re designing silicon, it’s a lot harder. When you’re under a lot of commercial pressure, it’s difficult to be the one who goes first. And remember that this hardware evolves on roughly 10 year cycles (2 years for design, 3-5 year market sales, 3-5 year depreciation at the customer before they buy new ones). Oh, and customer rollout of IPv6 is a major project with lots of program management and testing, not just buying a box or two. So, yea hindsight is easy. Eventually you get there, but it’s a long road.