alt Hacker NewsNo, that is not how science actually progresses, it is an idealised view of it at best. Thomas Kuhn wrote "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" back in the 1960s. Plank's principle stated "Science progresses one funeral at a time".
Scientists are also human and will tend to defend existing ideas. In cosmology the arguments over LCDM, dark matter and dark energy have been raging for decades. Dark matter people like to say that the Bullet Cluster is incontrovertible evidence of dark matter; MOND people don't agree and point to other aspects they claim refute dark matter! It's gonna take a long time for it all to shake out.
Not an expert, but isn't your LCDM vs MOND example assymetric? Like different kinds of data supports each model very well, and so reconciliation isn't simple?
Moreover, your objection that science progresses one funeral at a time is exaggerated, even if it is real, it's not necessarily all that strong: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6814193/